Global total govt bond issue: $60tr
US govt debt $21tr (FT 03/03/21)
Before the global financial crisis in 2008, the Fed held around $900 billion worth of financial assets on its books. That rose rapidly to more than $4 trillion as a result of quantitative easing and then rose again to more than $8 trillion in 2020 and is now on course to reach at least $9 trillion by the end of this year. (Nick Beams, wsws, June ’21)
UK Government
Covid pandemic response – £376bn (source: Elgot, Walker and Lawson, 2022)
Energy crisis – forecast £187bn