Oil
World reserves 225,000 tons
Venezuela 48k (20%)
Saudi Arabia 41k (17%)
Canada 27k (11%)
Oil consumption:
USA – 58.2 barrels per day per 1,000 people
Germany – 28.7
China – 10
$951bn produced in 2021
Oil prices:
1860: $9.59
1870: $3.86
1880: $0.94
1890: $0.77
1900: $1.19
1910: $0.61
1920: $3.07
1930: $1.19
1940: $1.02
1950: $2.51
1960: $2.88
1970: $3.18
1980: $21.59
1990: $20.03
2000: $26.72
2010: $74.71
2020: $36.86
2023: $88.59
Gas Proven natural gas reserves (trillion cubic meters)
Russia 37.4
Iran 32.1
Qatar 24.7
Turkmenistan 13.6
USA 12.6
China 8.4
Venezuela: 6.3
Saudi Arabia: 6.0
United Arab Emirates: 5.9
Nigeria: 5.5
Iraq: 3.5
Azerbaijan: 2.5
Canada: 2.4
Australia: 2.4
Kazakhstan: 2.3
Algeria: 2.3
Egypt: 2.1
Others: 18.1
Nickel 2.1m tonnes in 2016
World reserves 89m tonnes
Indonesia 21m tonnes (24%)
Australia 20m tonnes (23%)
48% mined & 40% refined in Indonesia
Norilsk produce 14%
Glencore produce 13%
$4.2bn produced in 2021
Cobalt 110,000 tonnes in 2016
70% is mined in the DRC
And 70% is refined in China
World reserves 6.8m tonnes
D.R. of Congo 3.6m tonnes (53%)
Australia 1.2m tonnes (18%)
Glencore produce 22%
$0.12bn produced in 2021
Lithium 43,000 tonnes in 2016
World reserves 15.5m tonnes
Chile 8.6m tonnes (56%)
Australia 2.8m tonnes (18%)
47% mined in Australia
58% refined in China
$1.5bn produced in 2021
Albemarle produce 21%
SQM produce 19%
Copper
World reserves 870m tonnes
Chile 200m tonnes (23%)
Peru 92m tonnes (11%)
Australia 88m tonnes (10%)
42% refined in China
$91bn produced in 2021
Magnesium
85% produced by China (The Economist, 17/11/21)